Comparative Study of Antimalarial Effect of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Extract, Chloroquine and Artemisinin and Their Combination Against Plasmodium falciparum In-vitro
Abstract: to compare the
anti-malarial effect among sambiloto extract, chloroquine and artemisinin-only
as well as those of their combination. Methods: the study was conducted in
Central Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University,
Malang, Indonesia from January to February 2006. Malaria culture used
Plasmodium falciparum of Papua strain (2300) that was obtained from Namru-2
Jakarta. Five drugs applied in this test; those were chloroquine, artemisinin,
the extract of sambiloto, the combination of sambiloto and chloroquine, and the
combination of sambiloto and artemisinin. Parasite density was determined by
counting the number of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocyte in 5,000
erythrocytes of the culture. Single drug (Chloroquine-only or artemisinin only)
and either combination with sambiloto at dose 0.5 ug/ml had killing-effect
against the parasite, measured by the appearance of “crisis form” on the
infected erythrocytes. This killing-effect was dose dependent, and reached its
optimum effect of 200 ug/ml. Results: treatment of single sambiloto extract
with dose 0.5 ug/ml increased the density of the parasite, however after every
1ug increasing dose of sambiloto extract, the killing effect also increased.
The reduction of the parasite density was also seen by increasing the Sambiloto
dose in the group of combination of sambiloto-chloroquine as well as the group
of combination of sambiloto and artemisinin. Statistically, there was no
difference in the anti-malaria efficacy among of five test drugs (p=1.00). The
correlation between the reduction of the parasite with the increasing of dose
in all groups is statistically significance (p=0.001). Conclusion: the extract
of sambiloto in a single dose or in a combination evidently has the effect of
anti-falciparum malaria.
Key words: extract of
sambiloto, antimalaria effect, in-vitro test
Author: Umar Zein, Loeki E
Fitri, Awaluddin Saragih
Kode Jurnal: jpkedokterangg130280
