The Effect of Squid Extract (Loligo Sp) on TNF-α and TGF-β1 Serum Levels during Wound Healing in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Abstract: Diabetes Mellitus is
a chronic disease characterised by elevated levels of blood glucose known as
hyperglycaemia. Diabetes is due to impaired insulin action in the metabolism of
glucose and can result in impaired wound healing. Excessive production of
pro-inflammatory cytokines, an increased number of macrophages and neutrophils,
and decreased levels of transforming growth factor - beta 1 (TGF-β1) serum can
be characteristic of impaired wound healing. This study aims to determine the
effects of squid extract on certain wound parameters such as levels of tumour
necrosis factor - alpha (TNF-α), and TGF-β1 serum and the number of macrophages
and neutrophils. Methods: This was a post-test only, randomized controlled
group study that was conducted on male Wistar rats. Experimental animals were
divided into 6 groups; (1) normal wound with standard diet, (2) diabetic wound
with standard diet, (3) diabetic wound with chitosan supplement, (4) diabetic
wound given squid extract orally once a day, (5) diabetic wound given squid
extract orally twice a day, and (6) diabetic wound given squid extract orally
once every two days. Levels of TNF-α and TGF-β1 serum were observed using
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Haematocylin and eosin staining was used to
observed macrophage and neutrophil counts. All data was analysed statistically
by one-way analysis of variance. Results: TNF-α serum levels showed a
significant decrease (p < 0.05) in subjects that received squid extract
orally once every two days. The mean levels of TGF-β1 showed no significant
differences. The mean number of macrophage cells showed a significant decrease
(p < 0.05) in all treatment groups. The mean number of neutrophil cells also
showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in all treatment groups. Conclusions:
Squid extract is effective in lowering the TNF-α serum levels and the number of
macrophages and neutrophils cells in Wistar rats. However, there were
insignificant findings on increasing levels of TGF-β1 serum. This data suggests
that squid extract is most effective during the inflammatory phase of wound
healing which takes places about 2-4 days after wound creation.
Keywords: diabetic wound;
squid; TNF-alpha; TGF-beta1
Author: Kadek NP Dewi, Heri
Kristianto, Mochamad R Indra
Journal Code: jpkedokterangg160319
