Microencapsulation of Fucoxanthin by Water-in-Oil-in-Water (W/O/W) Double Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Method: A Review
Abstract: Fucoxanthin is a
major xanthophyll present in brown seaweeds such as Sargassum binderi, S.
duplicatum, Turbinaria turbinata, Padina australis, Undaria pinnatifida and
Hijkia fusiformis. This carotenoid has a unique structure including oxygenic
functional group such as, two hydroxy, keto, epoxy (5,6-monoepoxide), and an
allenic bond. Fucoxanthin has some anticancer activities such as, exhibits
inhibitory property on colon cancer cells and human hepatic carcinoma HepG2
cell line. This xanthophyll also induces apoptosis of human leukemia cancer
HL-60 cells, human prostate cancer PC-3 cell, human lung cancer H1299 cell line
etc. Unfortunately, the poor solubility of this carotenoid in water hinders it
to be a drug candidate. Fucoxanthin is also a pigment that is sensitive to
temperature and light. One of the possible ways to circumvent the problem with
light and temperature is by microencapsulating it. Microencapsulation (ME) in
biodegradable polymers, e.g. poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a
promising approach to protect any potential drug from rapid degradation.
Solvent evaporation method is the most popular technique of preparing PLGA
microsphere (MS) and this technique has been extensively studied in recent
years for the preparation of MS. In the water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double
emulsion solvent evaporation method, stability of the primary emulsion (PE) is
a critical factor. When the PE is unstable, encapsulation efficiency (EE) is
low. Stability of PE can be enhanced by including emulsifying agent or
stabilizers such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The presence of a stabilizer/
emulsifier plays a significant role in influencing particle size (PS), external
morphology of microsphere and colloidal stability.
Keywords: microencapsulation,
fucoxanthin, double emulsion, PLGA, microsphere
Author: Dedi Noviendri
Journal Code: jpperikanangg140045
