Risk factors for miliary tuberculosis in children
Abstract: Miliary tuberculosis
(TB) is a fatal form of tuberculosis with severe clinical symptoms and
complications. The mortality rate from this disease remains high, therefore, it
is important to identify the risk factors for miliary TB for early detection
and treatment.
Objective To identify risk factors for miliary tuberculosis in children.
Methods A case-control study of children aged 0-14 years with miliary TB
was conducted in Dr. Soetomo Hospital from 2010 to 2015. Data were taken from
medical records. Case subjects were children with miliary TB, and control
subjects were children with pulmonary TB . Patients with incomplete medical
records were excluded. Case subjects were identified from the total patient
population; control subjects were included by purposive sampling, with
case:control ratio of 1:1. Potential risk factors were age, nutritional status,
BCG immunization status, and history of contact with TB patients. Statistical
analyses were done with Chi-square and logistic regression tests. P values <
0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.
Results A total of 72 children were analyzed, with 36 case and 36 control
subjects. Nutritional status had a significant associatation with miliary TB in
children (OR 3.182; 95%CI 1.206 to 8.398; P=0.018) in both bivariate and
multivariate analyses. The probability of a child with moderate or severe
undernutrition developing miliary TB was 76.09%. Other factors were not
significantly associated with miliary TB.
Conclusion Nutritional status is significantly associated with miliary TB
in children, and moderate or severe undernutrition increases the risk for
developing miliary TB.
Keywords: miliary
tuberculosis; children; risk factors
Author: Clarissa Cita
Magdalena, Budi Utomo, Retno Asih Setyoningrum
Journal Code: jpkedokterangg170142
