DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDIZED HERBAL THERAPY OF BANGLE EXTRACT (ZINGIBER CASSUMUNAR ROXB.) ON THE EXPRESSION OF ICAM - 1 FOR COMPLEMENTARY THERAPY TO PREVENT COMPLICATIONS IN MALARIA
Abstract: Malaria is still a
major problem, both in international and national scale. Erythrocytes
containing Plasmodium sp. will stimulate the release of Th1 (T helper-1) and
release monocytes and macrophages to perform phagocytosis and produce tumor necrosis
factor-alpha (TNF-α). The release of iNOS and free radicals would increase the
expression of adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, CD36, and P-selectin.
Research shows that IL- 10 can inhibit the production of TNF - α and IL - 1.
TNF-α and ICAM - 1 play a role in the occurrence of cerebral malaria. Bangle
(Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) has a lot of potentials to be utilized as a
complementary therapy to prevent the complications of malaria.
Objective : This study aims to find the ability of Bangle (Zingiber
cassumunar Roxb.) extract as an immunostimulant which would be used as a
complementary therapy for standard malaria treatment.
Methods : A number of 25 mice Balb/C males were divided into 5 groups,
stimulated with methanol fractions of Bangle extract for 14 consecutive days
before infected with Plasmodium berghei. All groups were examined for parasite
daily, until day 7 post-positive malaria, referring to Artemisinindose regimen
administered orally 0.04 mg/g bw/day for 7 days.
Results : This study proves that the administration of Artemisinin
combined with methanol fraction of Bangle extract provides better results to
inhibit ICAM-1 gene expression in malaria-infected mice compared to
single-therapy Artemisinin or methanol fraction of bangle extract.
Conclusion : The combination of artemisinin and methanol fraction of
Bangle extract can inhibit ICAM-1 gene expression in malaria-infected mice
better compared to without the combination.
Keywords: Zingiber cassumunar
Roxb, malaria, immunomodulator, standardized herbal therapy, ICAM-1
Author: Wiwien Sugih Utami
Journal Code: jpkedokterangg170247
