IN VITRO ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITIES OF INDONESIAN MARINE SPONGE AAPTOS AAPTOS AND CALLYSPONGIA PSEUDORETICULATA EXTRACTS AND THEIR TOXICITY AGAINST Vibrio spp.
Abstract: Vibriosis is one of
diseases which often results in mass mortality of Penaeus monodon larval
rearing systems. It attacks shrimp of all stages in zoea, mysis and shrimp
postlarva stage. This disease is caused by Vibrio spp, particularly Vibrio
harveyi (a luminescent bacterium). Several kinds of antibiotics and chemical
material have been used to overcome the disease but they have side effects to
environment and human. The searching of bioactive compounds as an alternative
treatment has been done for multi purposes. In this study diethyl eter, butanol
and aqueous extract of Indonesian sponges Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia
pseudoreticulata were tested for in vitro activity against Vibrio spp. and
Vibrio harveyi by using disc diffusion method. The result showed that all
extracts of Aaptos aaptos gave a positive antibacterial activity towards those
pathogenic bacteria. Meanwhile, only butanol extract of Callyspongia
pseudoreticulata obtained to exhibit an antibacterial activity on those
pathogenic bacteria. The strong anti-vibrio activity were shown by butanol and
aqueous extract of Aaptos aaptos with the minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) value of 0.313 and 0.625 mg/mL, respectively. Whilst, the butanol extract
of Callyspongia pseudoreticulata indicated a low antibacterial activity with
the MIC value of 10 mg/mL. Toxicity of those active extracts was evaluated by
Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BST). Interestingly, butanol and aqueous extracts
of Aaptos aaptos did not show any toxic effect in Artemia salina larvae up to 8
x MIC (2.504 mg/mL and 5.000 mg/mL). It is the first report for the anti-vibr
io activity of both Aaptos aaptos and Callyspongia pseudoreticulata. This
results suggest that Aaptos aaptos has a potential to be used as a source of
alternative compound to vibriosis prevention for mariculture.
Keywords: sponge; Aaptos
aaptos; Callyspongia pseudoreticulata; Vibrio spp.; and V. harveyi
Author: Rosmiati, Habsah
Mohamad, Tengku Sifzizul Tengku Muhammad, Najiah Musa, Aziz Ahmad, Noraznawati
Ismail, Farida Mohamad, Nurhidayah
Journal Code: pperikanangg110021
