ANALYSIS OF ACCESSIBILITY TO JOBS BY CAR IN THE CITY OF SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA
Abstract: Low
density urban sprawl
generates a greater
need to travel
than more compact structures of
mixed land uses in which the physical separation of activities is small. One
way to reduce
travel needs would
be to bring
homes, jobs, and
service together in a
relatively compact urban
centre to achieve
a high level
of accessibility with little
need for movement.
Recently, research has
focused on the
debate of the urban
form contribution to
reduce urban travel
and car dependence
and to achieve a more
sustainable city. One
variable to define
urban form is
accessibility to jobs. Accessibility concept
can be used
to analyze relative
job-housing location. Using journey-to-work (JTW)
Census data over a 35-year
period from 1961
to 1996 in Sydney,
this paper analyze
accessibility to jobs
in Sydney, Australia
by applying several methods such
as dispersal index, Z-score, lorenz curve and Hansen Index. The results
indicated that both
housing and employment
have moved away
from the CBD towards
the outer areas.
Decentralization of both
residential workers and employment was
followed by an
increasing use of
car. Because the
employment location in the outer ring is much easier to reach by car,
this leads to an increasing car dependence by residents. If the
decentralization trend continues into the future without a change
to the public
transportation service, it
is expected that
the proportion using car will increase by about 12.7 percent
of the 1981 share. The mean trip length by car is predicted
to increase by
about 20.5 percent
from its 1981
value. This finding indicates that
the change in the relative
jobs-housing location was
followed by a change in travel patterns.
Author: Putu Alit Suthanaya
Journal Code: jptsipilgg060004
