RANCANG BANGUN HULU HILIR, PEMODELAN DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH PADA AGRIBISNIS KEDELAI
Abstract: Soybean commodity
plays an important role in economy since most of the commodities (95%) are used
for agro-industry and 96% of them is raw materials for tofu and tempe
agro-industry. Domestic production has not been able to fulfill internal need
of it, where 55% is still fulfilled by import. This research is intended to
identify the competitiveness of on farm agribusiness of soybean by
institutional input and policy simulation; the relation between upstream and
downstream system activities of soybean agribusiness; model and strategy to
eliminating soybean farmers’ powerlessnessThe research area was determined
purposively in East Jawa Jember considering that Paleran Village was a village
that had Prime Farm program and Curah Lele village was the centre village of
soybean marked with Prime Farm program. Samples were taken by applying by simple
random sampling.Analysis method by using competitive and comparative advantages
(competitiveness) applied Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), policy scenario,
modeling and strategy to eliminating soybean farmers’ powerlessness by Force
Field Analysis (FFA); the research results showed:1. Private profitability and
social profitability of on-farm agribusiness of soybean in research area had
efficiency and comparative and competitive advantages, meaning that on-farm
agribusiness of soybean had competitiveness.2. Government policy toward output
tradable provided negative effect on on-farm agribusiness of soybean indicated
by NPCO value lower than one. Government policy toward input tradable gave
positive effect on on-farm agribusiness of soybean performed by NPCI value
lower than one. Collectively, government policy on input output tradable and
input non tradable affected negatively on on-farm agribusiness of soybean shown
by negative NPT and SRP values and PC value lower than one.3. The change of
government policy toward import tariff of soybean and exchange rate of rupiah
still remained giving positive effects on efficiency and competitiveness of
soybean on-farm agribusiness, while the change of government policy on output
tradable affected negatively on on-farm agribusiness of soybean. The change of
government policy on input tradable still provided positive effects on on-farm
agribusiness of soybean. The change of government in input output tradable and
input non tradable remained negative, while the effect of the change of
government policy on input and output tradable gave positive effects together
on on-farm agribusiness.4. On-farm agribusiness of soybean under Prime Farm
Program had stronger competitiveness compared to non-prime farm program though
held in central area..5. In order to overcome powerlessness of soybean farmers,
some efforts on the basis of FFA analysis from upstream to downstream
sub-systems are necessarily undertaken, they are:a. Sub-system of up-stream
agribusiness; (1) to intensify extension on the field of knowledge and
technology; (2) the best quality seeds development and (3) improvement on
distribution channel of production tools.b. Sub-system of on-farm agribusiness;
organic fertilizer development and intensive supervision by related departments
(Agriculture Department), especially on pest and disease control. c. Sub-system
of down-stream agribusiness; it is necessary to establish farmer’s association,
soybean industry and to develop modern processing technology such as ketchup
and soybean milk.d. Sub-system of marketing is needed to organize market that
is related to major agribusiness market.e. Sub-system of supporting services;
it is important to develop market at village level, to establish agribusiness
and to optimize extension personnel that all become strong requirements.
Kata kunci: soybean
agribusiness, policy
Penulis: Soetriono
Kode Jurnal: jppertaniandd100059
