Non-invasive Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Failure
Abstract: One of the
cornerstones of critical care medicine is support of the failing respiratory
system. The 2 major components of managing respiratory failure are the acute
intervention and the weaning process. Many of the studies to determine the
optimal methods of ventilation and weaning have focused on non-invasive
positive-pressure ventilation as an alternative to invasive ventilation, with
various causes of acute respiratory failure. Non-invasive ventilation refers to
the provision of ventilatory support to the lungs, without the use of an endotracheal
airway. It has emerged as an important tool in the treatment of acute
respiratory failure. Non-invasive positive ventilation has undergone a
remarkable evolution over the past decades and is assuming an important role in
the management of both acute and chronic respiratory failure. There is
improvement in gas exchange, relief of respiratory muscle fatigue, and clinical
outcome with reduced morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, contraindications
and failures need to be identified early, as delaying endotracheal intubation
is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, although it
is common practice to give intubation and mechanical ventilation, complications
can result from the intubation process (damage to local tissue) and during the
course of ventilation (pneumonia and sinusitis associated with ventilators),
prolonging stay in intensive care, length of hospital stay and mortality in
selected patients.
Key words: non invasive
ventilation, mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory failure
Author: Gurmeet Singh, Ceva W
Pitoyo
Journal Code: jpkedokterangg140305
