Sleep disorders in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Abstract: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral abnormality that commonly occurs among
children. Sleep disorders are comorbid with ADHD. Sleep disorders in Indonesian
children with ADHD have not been widely studied.
Objective To understand the proportion and factors that influence sleep
disorders in children with ADHD.
Methods This cross-sectional study involved 54 children aged 3-14 years
who had been diagnosed with ADHD by a pediatric growth and development
consultant using DSM-5 criteria. The subjects were consecutively selected from
March to August 2017 at the Child Development Polyclinic, Dr. Sardjito
Hospital, Yogyakarta. Sleep data were collected using the Sleep Disturbances
Scale for Children (SDSC) and the Children’s Sleep Hygiene Scale (CSHS).
Results Of the 54 children with ADHD (46 males and 8 females), 35 (64.8%)
experienced sleep disorders. The majority (26 subjects, 48.1%) had the disorder
of initiating and maintaining sleep. Children with the combined (inattention
and hyperactive-impulsive) type of ADHD experienced significantly greater sleep
disturbance compared to the inattention type or hyperactive-impulsive type
(OR=3.750; 95% CI 1.133 to 12.41; P=0.027). Poor sleep hygiene was also
significantly associated with more severe sleep disorders (r=-0.383, P=0.004).
Conclusion The proportion of sleep disorder in children with ADHD is
relatively high, with the majority having a disorder of initiating and
maintaining sleep. Children with combined type ADHD experience a higher amount
of sleep disorder than those with either the inattention or
hyperactive-impulsive types of ADHD. Children with poor sleep hygiene have
significantly more severe sleep disorders.
Keywords: sleep disturbance;
children with ADHD; SDSC; CSHS
Author: Medina Permatawati,
Agung Triono, Mei Neni Sitaresmi
Journal Code: jpkedokterangg180019
