GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION AMONG POPULATIONS OF Chromobotia macracanthus BLEEKER FROM SUMATRA AND KALIMANTAN BASED ON SEQUENCING GENE OF MTDNA CYTOCHROME B AND NUCLEUS DNA RAG2
Abstract: Research on genetic
differentiation among populations of Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker from
Sumatra, based on sequencing gene of mtDNA Cytochrome b and nucleus DNA RAG2
has been done. The objectives of the study were to obtain the representation of
genetic differentiation among population of clown loach fishes or botia
(Chromobotia macracanthus) from Sumatra and Kalimantan and to estimate the time
divergence of both population group of botia. Samples of botia population were
taken from 3 rivers in Sumatra namely Batanghari, Musi, and Tulang Bawang and
one river from Kalimantan namely Kapuas. The genetic analysis was based on the
sequencing of mtDNA Cytochrome b and nucleus DNA RAG2. The statistical analysis
was done by using APE package on R language. The parameters observed were:
nucleotide diversity, genetic distance, and neighbor-joining tree. The result
showed that the highest nucleotide diversity was fish population of Musi, while
the other two populations, Tulang Bawang (Sumatra) and Kapuas (Kalimantan),
were considered as the lowest genetic diversity especially based on nucleus DNA
RAG2 sequencing. Based on mtDNA Cytochrome-b sequencing, the most distinct
population among those populations based on genetic distance were fish
populations of Musi and Kapuas. According to the result of neighbor-joining
tree analysis, the populations of botia were classified into two groups namely
group of Sumatra and group of Kalimantan. The estimation of time divergence among
group of population of Sumatra and Kalimantan based on mtDNA Cytochrome b was
about 9.25—9.46 million years (Miocene era). The high genetic differences
between groups of Sumatra and Kalimantan suggested that the effort of
restocking botia from Sumatra into Kalimantan has to be done carefully, because
it may disturb the gene originality of both botia populations.
Keywords: botia; Cytochrome-b;
RAG2; APE; R-program
Author: Sudarto, Kafi Hidonis,
Emmanuel Paradis
Journal Code: jpperikanangg080011
