TURUNAN DARI MINYAK CENGKEH DENGAN PROSES KATALIS DAN BIOKATALIS (TELAAH)
Abstract: In 2011, Indonesian
clove oil supply reached about 75 % (4,500 of 6,000 tons) of the world market.
Utilization of clove oil and clove oil derivatives in aromatic chemical
industry primarily as a mixture or additive of fragrances in the daily consumed
product, such as perfumes, skin care products, deodorant, soap, shampoo,
detergent, besides it is also used as an ingredient in the production of
synthetic vanilla. The content of
eugenol as the main compound in the essential oil in the clove flower, flower stalk
and leaf have a range of 90-95 %, 83-95 % and 82-87 % respectively. The compounds content in clove oil is divided
into two categories, phenolics (eugenol) and non-phenolic (beta-caryophyllene)
that can be derivatized with various chemocatalytic and biocatalytic processes.
Separation of the compounds in clove oil can be conducted by adding NaOH with
repeated distillation. This process produces two layers product, the first
layer contains eugenol and NaOH, while the second layer contains beta-caryophyllene.
Derivatization of eugenol are conducted to produce various products such as
vanilla, eugenyl ether, methyl ether eugenyl, eugenyl ethyl ether, eugenyl
acetate, eugenyl cinnamate, dimmer eugenol and eugenyl benzoate, whereas
derivatization of beta-caryophyllene are conducted to produce products such as
caryophyllene oxide, kobusan, glycols, alcohols caryophyllene,
β-caryolanylformate and kovanilformate, klovanildiformate, caryophyllene
ketol. Biocatalysis or biotransformation
can be defined as the use of biological systems (intact cells, cell extracts or
isolated enzymes) to catalyze the conversion of a compound into another.
Besides the common chemocatalysis system for derivatization of clove oil and
clove oil compound such as eugenol into other compounds some biocatalysis
systems were also described in this paper.
Penulis: Silvester Tursiloadi,
Nina Artanti, Anny Sulaswatty
Kode Jurnal: jpkimiadd150642
