Wali, Sultan, Kiai, dan Santri dalam Tadisi Agama dan Politik Islam Jawa
Abstract: The article
discusses the role of wali (the Muslim saints), sultan, kiai, and santri within
religious tradition and politics in Java. The wali (commonly known as Walisongo
or “the Nine Saints”) were people who initially spread Islam in Java. In their
efforts to develop Islam, Walisongo also equipped their pupils with religious
knowledge to spread Islam in the future. This is from such process the transfer
of Islamic knowledge was primarily set off. Once the transition periods began,
the role of wali had subsequently vanished and replaced by the formal ruler,
namely sultan. The Mataram Sultanate was the biggest Islamic sultanate ever in
the history of Java. Owing to the supremacy of the Sultan, Kiai Kasan Besari—as
an ample example of kiai mentioned in this article—built a pesantren in an area
called tanah perdikan (a tax haven) in Tegalsari Ponorogo, East Java, which
became an origin of institutionalization of the pesantren in Java. The Sultan
provided the pesantren both material aids and other kinds of support, including
entrusting his sons to learn religious knowledge in it. It had been also
followed by the royal courtiers and the best cadres of the sultanate who
subsequently became litterateurs of the Kingdom.
Penulis: Abdul Chalik
Kode Jurnal: jpperadabanislamdd160004
