Influence of Household Environment and Maternal Behaviors to Upper Respiratory Infection among Toddlers
Abstract: Upper respiratory
infection (URI) in developing countries causes high morbidity among toddlers.
Indonesia Health Ministry reported that non-pneumonia acute respiratory
infection (ARI) increased by 2.6% from 2007 to 2011. Risk factors which may
contribute to URI include environment and behavior. This study aimed to
investigate environmental and behavioral factors with URI among toddlers. This
case control study was conducted on February – April 2015 among toddlers in
Tamansari that is a slum area in Bandung City. Case was 55 mothers with toddlers
suffering from URI who came to primary health care, meanwhile control was twice
bigger than cases selected from the environment and matched for age, sex and
nutritional status. Environmental factors were density, humidity, ventilation,
temperature and smoke disposal. Meanwhile, behavioral factors were
hand-washing, mother’s smoking behavior, the use of mask, vitamin A consumption
and exclusive breastfeeding. Results of study showed that environmental factor
related to URI was only density with p value = 0.021 and OR = 2.843 (CI 95% =
1.168 – 6.920). None of maternal behavior factor was related to URI. Reducing
density is an important and challenging issue in slum area, same as similary
health promotion and prevention concerning URI are still necessary to reduce
the risk of this disease among toddlers in urban slum area.
Author: Reny Fahdiyani, Ardini
S Raksanagara, Hadyana Sukandar
Journal Code: jpkesmasgg160019
