EFFECT OF SAPONIN AS DEFAUNATING AGENT ON IN VITRO RUMINAL FERMENTATION OF FORAGE AND CONCENTRATE
Abstract: This research
was arranged with a 4x3 factorial design
of treatments to investigate the effect of saponin level in fermentation medium
(0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 mg/ml), and many kinds of feed (king grass, rice bran, and
king grass:rice bran, 60:40 w/w) on protozoa numbers, ammonia concentration,
microbial protein, pH and cellullase activity.Each treatment was consisted of
three replicates. Fermentation wasdone in syringe and used in vitro gas
production medium. The data obtained were analyzed by varianceanalysis using
factorial design (4x3). The differences between mean values were analyzed by
Duncan’snew multiple range test (DMRT). The result showed that protozoa numbers
decreased 17.22, 42.73 and49.57% (P<0.01) for 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/ml
saponin, respectively from 8.19×103/ml in the control. Theaddition of 0.1 mg/l
saponin increased ammonia concentration from 33.04 mg/100 ml (without
saponin)to 37.12 mg/100 ml (P<0,01), whereas the addition of 0.2 and 0.3
mg/ml saponin decreased ammoniaconcentrations by 1.69 and 16.50% (P<0.01)
compared to the control. Microbial protein, cellullaseactivity and pH were not
affected neither by saponin nor kind of feed. Protozoal numbers and
ammoniaconcentration in the rumen were lower (P<0.01) with king grass as
substrat than that with rice bran, orking grass: rice bran. In general, no
interactions between saponin and kind of feed were observed, exceptfor ammonia
concentration. It can be concluded that level of 0.2 mg/ml saponin have
antimicrobialproperties, particularly in suppressing protozoa, which may prove
beneficial to ruminal fermentation andmay lead to lower ruminal ammonia
concentration, but it did not have negative effect on pH, microbialprotein and
cellullase activity. King grass as a substrate decreases protozoa numbers and
ammoniaconcentration.
Author: C. Hanim, L.M.
Yusiati, S. Alim
Journal Code: jppeternakangg090009
