Pola Spasial-Temporal Epidemi Demam Chikungunya dan Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Yogyakarta Tahun 2008
Abstrak: Explosive
re-emergence of chikungunya fever has been started since 2004 and affected
millions people in worldwide i.e. Indian Ocean, India, Europe, Asia including
Indonesia. On January 2008, 59 new cases of chikungunya fever was reported by
the Kota Yogyakarta health office meanwhile the province laboratory had no
capability to perform laboratory examination to confirm the diagnosis. Control
measures were already taken, but it seemed not effective, cases were spread and
increased progressively by weeks and non-vector born disease which has similar
sign and symptoms was thought to be the cause. Based on the same vector with dengue
hemorrhagic fever transmission, an ecological approach using GIS was taken to
compare the spatial-temporal pattern between chikungunya and DHF.
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the
spatial-temporal pattern between chikungunya fever outbreak and dengue
hemorrhagic fever incidence.
Method: This study was use ecological study approach which uses
integrated GIS, remote sensing and statistic technique. We collected total of
802 chikungunya and 498 dengue cases in ten months (November 2007 – August
2008) and secondary data on environmental variable includes population density,
vegetation density, building density, land use, larvae index and climate.
Location of cases was obtained using GPS. Epidemic curve were plotted to
identify the disease trend. Space time permutation was used to identify disease
clustering.
Result: Temporal trend analysis show similarity pattern between
chikungunya and DHF, increasing trend was found few weeks following heavy rain.
There were positive correlations between diseases and population density,
building density. Chikungunya and DHF cases were tended to occur in residential
land use which close to the commercial land use. Spatial-temporal clustering
was observed on both diseases demonstrating variation in local infection
pattern. There was similarity on disease cluster occurrence between chikungunya
and DHF
Conclusion: We show spatial-temporal pattern similarity between
chikungunya outbreak and dengue hemorrhagic incidence, nevertheless laboratory
confirmation is important and should be provided. This study provides useful
information for urban public health management. Further study is needed to
develop model in vector born early warning system using GIS and remote sensing.
Penulis: Citra Indriani, Anis
Fuad, Hari Kusnanto
Kode Jurnal: jpkedokterandd110176
