Faktor Risiko, Diagnosis, dan Tatalaksana Dermatitis Atopik pada Bayi dan Anak
Abstract: Atopic dermatitis
is a specific
chronic skin inflammation
caused by immunologic
disorder. The etiology of atopic dermatitis is still unknown;
nevertheless, the disease can be caused by genetic factor and several
environmental factors, such as socio-economic status, food allergen, and
environmental pollution. Atopic
dermatitis is a
multi-factorial disease and
each individual has
a different trigger
factor. Atopic dermatitis has
various clinical symptoms
and courses of
disease according to
its pathogenesis: skin inflammation, dry skin, erithema,
papule, and pruritus. The scratching of severe pruritus may cause the appearance of
pigmentation, erosion, and
lichenification. Diagnosis of
atopic dermatitis is
made by Haniffin-Rajaka criteria,
i.e. if three
of four major
criteria and three
of minor criteria
are found. The management of
atopic dermatitis consists
of keeping the
skin moisture, treating
the skin inflammation, pruritus, secondary infection,
and avoiding relapse. The skin which tends to be dry is treated by bathing and using
emollient. Anti-inflammation, either
steroid or non-steroid
is used for
treating skin inflammation. Severe
pruritus is treated
with anti-histamine administration. Skin
infection caused by scratching can be overcome by
administrating antibiotic and local wound care.
For prevention of relapse, the
trigger factors must be avoided, including food or inhaled
allergen.
Penulis: Bakhtiar
Kode Jurnal: jpkedokterandd100041
