Rekonstruksi Hutan Purba di Kawasan Karst Gunungsewu dalam Periode Sejarah Manusia
Abstract: This research was
carried out in Gunungsewu Karst area, Gunungkidul District from Kanigoro to
Wediombo. The main objectives of this research are (1) to identify floristic
history and (2) to reconstruct the palaeoforest profiles in the area.
Palaeoecobotanical approach is used as the basis for the reconstruction of
palaeoforest. Descriptive-explanatory methods were used to explore, interpret,
and reconstruct floristic tracks from pollen analysis, radiocarbon dating,
vegetation analysis, and also human cultural history. Explanatory approach was
used to describe collected data, to compare, to find association, and to
explain the research finding. Hypothetical tests were done by
deductive-inductive logics, using general theories for basic foundation to be
verified by facts from the fields. This research resulted in three types of
flora from Prehistoric times to the present, that is tropical mountainous
forest of 16,894±440 - 9,296±140 years BP, tropical rainforests in 9,296±140 -
1,753±90 years BP, and monsoonal forests in 1,753±90 years BP until now. The
Euphorbiaceae was the oldest flora occupied the area, existed between
16,894±440 years BP until now, while the Moraceae which is known as the karstic
floral identity began to be found since 9,296±140 years BP. Reconstruction of
palaeoforest in human prehistory provides information that the tropical
mountain forests had inhabited the area before the era of Keplek, then entering
the era of Keplek until Ngrijangan the tropical rainforest occupied this area.
In the era of Klepu, the forest has been turned into the monsoon type and this
type persists through history until now. Cultural traits of prehistoric
subsistence can explain that change in the types of flora is not caused by
anthropogenic factors, but due to climate change triggered by the ice age
expiration that marked the end of the Pleistocen.
Keywords: Archaeological site,
palaeoforest, pollen analyses, prehistoric times, radiocarbon dating
Penulis: Lies Rahayu Wijayanti
Faida, Sutikno, Chafid Fandeli, Sunarto
Kode Jurnal: jpkehutanandd110008
