Konsep Makkiyah dan Madaniyah dalam Studi Hadith: Menggagas Pemetaan Kronologis Hadith Nabawi
Abstract: The Qur’ânic Studies
have long recognized the conceptual dichotomy of Makkîyah and Madaniyah where
verses are classified as either belonging to the period of Makkah or Madinah.
This paper suggests that this conceptual dichotomy may also be applied in the
study of the science of the prophetic saying (hadîth). We propose that paradigm
of the Qur’ânic Studies concerning the periodical distinction may be borrowed
to understand and classify the prophetic sayings along the line of Makkîyah and
Madanîyah. The paper however acknowledges this effort is not without
methodological difficulties. There are hadîth that may –in terms of their
characteristics and substance- be regarded as Makkî, but may also be considered
as Madani because they are narrated by the people of Madinah (the Ansâr). To
tackle this problem, we propose double-way strategy. We will first find out
which hadîths are regarded as Makkî in terms of their characteristics and
substance, and then examine the idea of what many have called the
“argumentation of the prophetic term”. The first is about the thematic study,
while the second is about the analysis of the term of a hadîth. The first will
involve the consultation of mainly the hadîth authoritative book called Miftâh
Kunûz al-Sunnah, while the second will consult those books that employ the
personal-encyclopedic approach including books of hadîth, the sciences of the
Qur’ân (tafsîr), the reason of revelation (asbâb al-nuzûl), the reason of
decreeing (asbâb al-wurûd), and the autobiography of the prophet (sîrah). The
meaning of a hadîth and its appropriation in these books will be analyzed in
the light of the science of hadîth. The paper will examine how different
scientists of tafsir, hadîth and so on would understand and interpret the same
hadîth.
Keywords: hadith, Makkiyah,
Madani>yah, thematic studies, the disciples of the prophet
Penulis: Dzikri Nirwana
Kode Jurnal: jpperadabanislamdd080016
