KOMUNIKASI KAUM TAREKAT STUDI TENTANG POLA-POLA KOMUNIKASI DALAM KELOMPOK TAREKAT QADIRIYAH NAQSYABANDIYAH DI PESANTREN SURYALAYA TASIKMALAYA
Sari: This study is
qualitative using phenomenological, symbolic interaction, and hermeneutic approaches.
Based on the proposed descriptions, the author found that communications in
Tarekat Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah Suryalaya, phenomenologically, describe a
communication event which reflects an esoteric rite identity of religious
doctrine (Islam). This esoteric rite identity of religious doctrine is
formulated in symbolic form and addressed as a medium to achieve the high
potential and the purpose in life. The symbol formation in this tarekat
community serves as a fundamental process of determinations, thoughts, and
actions. Through this symbolization as well, Tarekat Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah
community communicates, as reflected in their convocation ceremony. This
tarekat ceremony shows objective symbol orders. These symbols not only express
a behavior and feeling but also form a personal disposition from brothers
(ikhwan) followed their teacher models (mursyid) or saint models or wali (holy
man) derived through mythological stories. Tarekat Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah
gives the meaning of growing communication as the complex one. The meaning and
the comprehension of communication holds subjectively, humanistically,
aesthetically, philosophically, and religious esoteric oriented. Ikhwan
"reads" all communication whether among them or mubaligh, wali
talqin, and mursyid as an encounter with the sacred one from past to present
and through their experiences (the experiences in general terms; economic,
politic, culture, especially religion). They let their object of interpretation
appear as a truth, namely religious phenomenon. They interpret Tarekat as
"creative" religion with the ability to transform consciousness.
Ultimately, these communications that have been implemented in these rites of
tarekat, is positioned not only as a lesson but also as a spiritual technique.
These are considered to modify its quality of existence. The communication
process and this 'meaning' seems paradoxical because the movement is not only
in communication field but also in "meta-communication". The communication
pattern of Tarekat Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah is integrated centralist. This
pattern is centered on one figure (mursyid) and integrated with the doctrine
considered as "ideology". This ideology is reconciled to Arab's
thought tradition hesitance and combined with local culture. This pattern is
shown by tarekat community that makes mursyid their idol that must be followed
by all of his speech and action. Besides mursyid, there are other figures that
have strategic position in Tarekat Qadiriyah Naqsyabandiyah community, namely
are "vice talqin". Vice talqin has four types; (1) intellectual
academic/modernist; (2) traditionalist-ulama; (3) neo-traditionalist scholar;
and (4) conservative traditionalist. The third figure is mubaligh. There are four
types of mubaligh: (1) pesantren mubaligh; (2) campus mubaligh; (3) politic
mubaligh; and (4) stage mubaligh; formal and non-formal. The last figure is the
most in quantities, it is ikhwan with types: (1) pragmatist; (2) ideologist
with tends toward academic and populist.
Keyword: Tarekat community,
symbol, social-ritual communication
Penulis: Asep Shalahudin
Kode Jurnal: jpkomunikasidd130099
