DIETARY BEHAVIORS AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA
ABSTRACT: To describe dietary
behaviors and examine relationships between selected factors and dietary
behaviors among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Yogyakarta,
Indonesia.
Method: Seventy T2DM patients from a hospital in Yogyakarta who met the
inclusion criteria were recruited. Patient’s dietary behaviors were measured by
the Dietary Behaviors Questionnaire developed for this study with adequate
reliability. The questionnaire comprised of four dimensions: recognizing the
amount of calorie needs, selecting healthy diet, arranging a meal plan, and
managing dietary behaviors challenges. Higher scores indicate better dietary
behaviors.
Result: More than half of the patients were women (54.3%) with an average
age of 56.8 years and diabetes duration of 9.7 years. The results revealed a
moderate level of the total score of dietary behaviors. Considering each
dimension, the results showed a moderate level of recognizing the amount of
calorie needs, selecting healthy diet, and managing dietary behaviors
challenges. The patients reported a high level of arranging meal plans.
Pearson’s correlation was used to examine the relationships between selected
factors and dietary behaviors. There was a positive significant relationship
between the knowledge regarding diabetic diet and the total dietary behaviors
scores (r = .36, p< .01). There were positive significant relationships
between the knowledge regarding diabetic diet and the dimensions of recognizing
the amount of calorie needs (r = .27, p< .05), selecting healthy diet (r =
.35, p< .01), and managing dietary behaviors challenges (r = .28, p<
.05). In contrast, the findings indicated no significant relationship between
knowledge regarding diabetic diet and arranging a meal plan dimension.
Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between the diabetes
duration and dietary behaviors.
Conclusion: Dietary behaviors among T2DM patients in Yogyakarta were at a
moderate level. Knowledge regarding diabetic diet is essential. Further study
regarding intervention in increasing patients’ knowledge is needed to achieve
better dietary behaviors.
Author: Yanuar Primanda,
Charuwan Kritpracha, Ploenpit Thaniwattananon
Journal Code: jpkeperawatangg110018