DEVELOPMENT OF FAMILY-BASED DIETARY SELF-MANAGEMENT SUPPORT PROGRAM ON DIETARY BEHAVIORS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN INDONESIA: A LITERATURE REVIEW
ABSTRACT: WHO statistics show
that Indonesia has the fourth highest number of diabetes sufferers. The International
Diabetes Federation‟s 5th estimated that in 2011 there were 71.4 million people
in South East Asia region were suffering with DM Purpose: To develop a
family-based dietary self-management support program to improve dietary
behaviors in patients with T2DM. Method: A literature review was conducted by
reviewing articles related evidence-based practices. Only articles in the
English and Indonesian languages were reviewed. The search found eleven
published experimental studies related to the topic. Result: Even though
dietary self-management has benefits for patients with diabetes, many studies
have found that these patients often have difficulty in establishing or
maintaining an effective program to self-manage their dietary behaviors. Lack
of family support is one factor that often seems to be related to such
failures. Family participation in a diabetes education program also had
positive psychosocial impacts. Otherwise, another study found that family might
not always have a positive impact on self-management. Therefore, this review
recommends that development of a family-based support program could be a
positive factor in helping to improve dietary self-management behaviors in
patients with T2DM. Self-management theory by Funnell and Anderson‟s work
(2004) can guide the development of a program with the goal of empowering
individuals and families in improving the patient‟s dietary behaviors. The
program consists of: (1) reflecting on current and/or past self-management
experiences by listening to the patient about their dietary behaviors, (2)
discussing the emotions and feelings of the patients, (3) engaging the patient
in improving their situation by active listening and helping the patient
reflect on their problems and identifying effective strategies, (4) providing
information about dietary management and problem-solving strategies, and (5)
goal-setting and action planning by assisting the patient to write the goals
and action plan on a specially prepared form. All of these sessions would
involve the patient‟s family. Follow-up visits may be needed to evaluate the
dietary behaviors of patients. Conclusion: The collaboration of patients,
family and health care professionals can have a positive impact on the dietary
self-management behaviors of patients with T2DM. Further study is needed, as
there is a growing awareness of the important role in diabetes management of
integrating family support into routine diabetes management.
Author: Aklima Aklima,
Charuwan Kritpracha, Ploenpit Thaniwattananon
Journal Code: jpkeperawatangg120011